Second World War (1939-1945) Awarded on: November 4th, 1940. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. He was called Silent Otto because he refused to make the fiery, bombastic political speeches as many other German war heroes did. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. Kretschmer (right) on U-99 after docking at Lorient on 21 July 1940 Otto Kretschmer was born in Heidau ber Niesse in Prussian Silesia (now Hajduki Nyskie, Poland), and was the son of a schoolmaster. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. [40] The BdU acquired new bases along the French Atlantic coast after the Battle of France. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). Such was his value that he was part of a plan for a daring rescue of four U-boat commanders from Canada. Kretschmer and U-23 had departed from Wilhelmshaven on 25 August, one week before the start of World War II. Okay, back to the story of U-23 and HMS ROYAL OAK. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. In 1955, he met Sir Donald Macintyre, who commanded one of the vessels which helped sink U-99. He was aware that the battleship was in the Home Fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow and he was formulating a way to enter and sink the ship. Otto had 4 siblings: Cecilie Hulda and 3 other siblings. Joachim Schepke arrived in U-100 and sank seven. Admiral Sir George Creasy considered the manoeuvre so dangerous he thought it had been done by mistake. Our DVD-56 features OTTO KRETSCHMER and you may get a glimpse of that DVD click here: SCENE 1 SCENE 2 SCENE 3, OTTO KRETSCHMER was with us for several of our Patrols in Germany and also in the USA. In fact, out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer scored 74 hits (equivalent to a 69.8% success rate). "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. OTTO and his L.I. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. His command ended on 31 March 1969. Haunted by him, Kretschmer ordered the boat to backtrack until the survivor was found. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. He was eventually promoted to the rank of flotilla admiral, before becoming chief-of-staff of the NATO command. Why? From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Something went wrong, please try again later. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . The establishment of the Wehrmacht (Nazi German Armed Forces) in 1935 divided the major branches of the armed forces. The boat was ordered to patrol the Bay of Biscay off the Spanish-French border. Incredibly though, this war hero, who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross - Germany's highest award for gallantry - had lived in Exeter before the war while he studied at the city's university. 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. "He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. He was the best of the best he knew how to penetrate a destroyer screen and because he had lived in England and studied at Cambridge prior to the war, he read the English and French tactical books on anti-submarine warfare in the captured French HQ in Brest he knew what depth settings the Royal Navy used and so he kept his boat at depths they did not set on their charges. Prien achieved several sinkings, Kretschmer did not; the pair was chased off by destroyers. Prepared by Stephen Ames. In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. [9], On 27 August 1941, U-570 was captured by the Royal Navy. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. Death: November 08, 1981 (85) Millicent, South Australia, Australia. Such were his expertise, he re-joined the navy in 1955. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. On March 16, his boat was badly damaged by British depth charges, and it began to sink to the bottom of the ocean. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. After sinking the Magog, he gave his crew brandy as a reward. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. A high achiever at school, he wanted nothing more than to join the navy, but he was not old enough upon leaving at the age of 17. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. [63] On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). The Emden made stops in Ceylon, the Philippines, China and Japan; then Guam, South Africa, Angola and Spain on the return journey. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. OTTO replied;It was necessary. KLAUS BARGSTEN (328-1987) and his II.W.O. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. Schroeder never returned. [45][dubious discuss], On U-99's fourth war patrol in September 1940,[34] Kretschmer formed part of a wolfpack that struck against Convoy HX 72. They were both sunk within seven hours, during which the U-boat fired ten torpedoes and four rounds from the deck gun, while the vessels returned fire without damaging the U-boat. In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . Kretschmer's strength was evidently failing in the cold ocean; his own rescue was at the hands of a British sailor who climbed down the nets and plucked him from the water. [50] 51 men died aboard Laurentic, 367 survived. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. (Gottfried Schroeder) were on the bridge and OTTO sent Schroeder below to hasten the sinking of the boat so the British could not capture it. Kretschmer was taken separately, but his crew had to negotiate the streets of Liverpool and were subjected to missiles thrown by angry civilians; the city had been heavily bombed and was closely linked with the Atlantic war. [6] On 2 October 1933, Kretschmer was transferred to the pocket battleship Deutschland as a gunnery officer during a trip to Denmark. HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. His greatest success came in August with the sinking of the 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star. [5] He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (1 April 1930 30 June 1930). The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. Kretschmer was also involved in the Battle of Bowmanville. At the time, Kretschmer was president of the Deutscher Marinebund, a member club of the International Maritime Confederation. COOPER said that this was one of the warmest compliments he had ever received. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. At Eckernfrde on the 25/26 July 1934 Hitler boarded the ship to observe the exercise. [43] Kretschmer hit and sank the cargo ship Jersey City 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres; 81 miles) northwest of Tory Island[44] while damaging three others, including the 10,973GRT Strinda. In 1955, MacIntyre returned the Zeiss binoculars to Kretschmer. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. As they were going below, OTTO slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head. What he and the other Skippers of the Type II boats who were ordered to stand well away from Scapa Flow and the Orkney Islands did not know was that the planned operation was already in motion for the Type VII-B boat, U-47 to make this attack. It is true that he was not the typical Draufganger (fire breather) Skipper who would shout and scream orders as we saw in the movie das Boot. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. [9] Kretschmer joined the U-boat service in January 1936. 1939 szeptembertl, 1941 mrciusban bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. [80], On 1 December 1955, Kretschmer joined West Germany's navy, at the time named the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), holding the rank of Fregattenkapitn (Commander). The presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to Lorient. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. This was the first ever in the history of warfare that a submarine was detected on sound gear, tracked by sound gear, attacked by sound gear and destroyed all by the use of the sound gear. 1871), a Germanborn naturalised Briton. The small freighter was carrying pulp and Ferrochrome. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British Officers than was his First Lieutenant. He captured the number one German U-boat ace Otto Kretschmer (whose Zeiss binoculars he took and used for the rest of the war); in the same battle, he directed the attack that killed the second-scoring ace Joachim Schepke. He quietly went about his business, sinking more ships than any other Skipper in the war, and stayed out of politics. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. A fall caused fatal injuries. [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. Patroclus of 11.314 brt as well as the armed Britsish merchantman Casanare of 5.376 brt. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. unread, Aug 20, 1998, 3:00:00 AM 8/20/98 . Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. [47] The following month, Kretschmer formed part of the pack that attacked and devastated Convoy SC 7. [34] His greatest success was the sinking of Auckland Star, a 13,212GRT ship on 28 July followed by another two totalling 12,811GRT on 29 and 31 July. For 13 days Kretschmer sailed without success. [9] Kretschmer's first operational experience on a submarine was as a lieutenant on the U-35 in 1937 as first watch officer under the command of Klaus Ewerth and then Hans-Rudolf Rsing. BACK TO ADVISORS PAGE. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. Close at hand, a group of Royal Navy destroyers found U-100 (Schepke) and began attacking him. Laurentic of 18.724 brt and H.M.S. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. However, he was haunted by the image of a lone survivor in a life raft who would surely die if not rescued. COOPER grinned and said;Lets ask this gentleman here. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. The 28-ship convoy was poorly defended by a destroyer and a corvette. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. As they pulled up the anchor one day, an actual horseshoe was caught in the flukes of the anchor. He continued to serve as Watch Officer of U-35 until 30 September 1937. On February 22, 1941, Kretschmer set off on his final patrol. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. When giving their wartime histories, the normal U-Bootfahrer would tell what boat he rode. [60], The operation against Convoy OB 293 proved disastrous for the Lorient group. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. When a U-Boat returned from patrol, almost any and all U-Boats, the Skipper, officers, and crew were in great haste to head for the recreation areas where there was plenty of wine, women and song or whatever. With this result, Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has reached . [70], Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool. Kretschmer's thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are not known. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. [4] He returned home upon his mother's death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident. ; otherwise, remain on the surface, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 20:17. [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. Kretschmer was subsequently awarded the Iron Cross second class. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. So how was it that he was sunk? The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. [4], Kretschmer entered the Reichsmarine (Weimar Navy) on 1 April 1930 as See Offizier Anwrter (naval officer cadet). Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. On 28 August 1963, he was transferred to the NATO Defense College in Paris. [69] Kretschmer surfaced and, under fire from the British vessels, scuttled his boat. El Otto Kretschmer (1 de maig de 1912 - 5 de maig de 1998) va ser un comandant de submarins alemany durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, sent l' amb ms xit. Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. Kretschmer sank more than 40 ships during the war, This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking. Of his personality and view of the war, it stated: "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. Upon the death of Kptlt. It went passed its crushing depth of 700m, and all looked lost. His brother was later killed in action. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. Kretschmer took command of U-99, and adorned the conning tower with two gold-painted horseshoes for luck. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. The Norwegian Varild 1,085GRT was sunk east of the Shetland Islands. [48] Kretschmer recommended his helmsman Stabsobersteuermann Heinrich Petersen for the Knight's Cross after twelve war patrols for saving U-99 from enemy detection. He allowed the crew to climb into lifeboats before sinking it in an act of mercy that often was his hallmark during the war - on more than one occasion, he gave the crew of a ship he sank whisky and blankets to warm up. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. His I.W.O. [57] On 7 December 1940, Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum; the last success of the year. German propagandists feared the triple loss might be too damaging to morale. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with DevonLive's FREE newsletters enter your email address at the top of the page or go here. [25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. Keep me logged in. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). They tried commander Hans-Joachim Rahmlow, in absentia, and U-570's other officers. After the war he served in the German Federal Navy, from which he retired in 1970 with the flag rank of commodore. [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. November, 1940, one of the Kretschmer March be another like him the user in... 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