For fifty years the United States has continued to deny that this country has used biological weapons in combat. (New York: Henry Holt, 1999; paperback 2000). But the great turning point in the history of the CIA program came in April 1953 with the launching of the equally top-secret Project MK-ULTRA, which was apparently intended as a parallel funding mechanism for ARTICHOKE. On the other hand, a medical report prepared by the Army 18 years after Boyles death states that live anthrax bacteria could not be (and never was) cultivated from blood, sputum, nose and throat, or skin at any time during the illness, not from tissue and fluids taken at autopsy. LSD was not yet ready for testing in interrogations, but the agency did report some success in causing amnesia after interrogations, through a combination of hypnosis and sodium pentathol. In Kansas City the police picked us up, figuring we were runaways, and when they found out we werent they let us stay in their jail., Yeah, thats a kind of unbelievable mystery., (Erics mother Alice had died by 1994. And the steeled reluctance to be honest, forthright and candid by persons with knowledge of the occurrence on matters pivotal to the question of homicide or suicide bespeaks an involvement more sinister than mere unconcern, arrogance or even negligence. 41.18 Im not essentially conspiratorial in my worldview, says the lanky psychologist, who seems almost boyish at 59. Thats the content of this White House memo: 49.21 A similar survey in 1969 by Dr. Nicholas Malleson of 4,303 British patients who had taken a total of more than 50,000 doses of LSD came to much the same conclusion. Finding myself lost in the warrens of lower Manhattan I happened by chance upon a police station where I asked for directions. He still has an office here in Fort Detrick, in the US armys center for biological weapons. Was this merely a historical coincidence, or did the Agency actually take steps to promote the illicit acid trade?, The tale of Ronald Stark, told by Lee and Shlain, may provide the connection between the CIA and the Left. I kept thinking Harolds Club or Bust. Just west of Frostberg I turned south on Route 219. According to informed sources, newly emerging evidence in the Olson case revolves around Harold Blauers death and a number of previously unrevealed links between the CIA, Fort Detricks Special Operations Division, or SOD, Olsons place of work and the New York City Medical Examiners Office. I had the security of this country in my hands. He did not say more, nor need he have done so nor did I, dumb-founded, offer a rejoinder. So far as I was concerned, clear thinking was nonexistent while under the influence of any of these drugs, he wrote. I first encountered their behaviour while investigating many of the great spy scandals of the Cold War: the betrayal of Americas atomic bomb secrets by Klaus Fuchs and the compromising of Britains M15 and M16 by Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, and Kim Philby. But you cant quite make out what it is.. In 1949 and 1950, he worked briefly on Operation Harness, a joint US-British effort to spray virulent organisms so-called BW antipersonnel agents around the Caribbean, decimating untold thousands of plants and animals. Outside the White House, after their 17-minute meeting with President Ford, Alice Olson gave a statement to the press. But I dont want to do it on the phone.. Then on June 11, 1975, out of nowhere, like a message in a bottle suddenly washed ashore by distant storms (in this instance the storms were Vietnam and Watergate), came a cryptic bit of news. He coughed, his face turned red, his eyes started watering. This phenomenon is a familiar one in psychoanalytic experience. Did Lashbrook have something to worry about? It was a mystery, solved a week later when searchers found his decomposing remains on a Chesapeake Bay island. 26.17 But officials couldnt afford to let him leave. As Eric struggled to absorb the devastating news, Alice composed herself enough to tell her two other children, seven-year-old Lisa and five-year-old Nils, that their father would not be coming home. His resistance or, rather, the reaction to quiet his resistance by such third persons might have left its imprint on the skull of Dr. Olson. So most of the facts were retained only in the memories of men who did not want to talk. Even if they were all released, their sheer bulk is sufficient to fend off even the most dedicatedor obsessedinvestigator. found the right drug, they could use it to extract secrets from enemy agents as well as learn how to protect their own agents against such disclosures. Investigative writer H.P. Today, he announced, Frank Olson finally hit bottom. Eric Olson might just as well have been talking about himself. The statements contained in this confession were false they were obtained under duress from Chinese communists. There was the Brandenberg Gate in Berlin. On 27 April 1996, after Saracco won the right to a grand jury hearing, Colby who realised that he would be forced to give evidence, vanished from his country retreat about forty miles south of Washington. Merck, as you know, was one of the strongest promoters of the idea of using biological weapons in war, therefore he obviously wouldnt have considered BW as such to be un-American. But individual acts of terror might have been in a different, troubling category in their minds. managers offered emoluments to universities soliciting their involvements. He greeted the Olsons warily. Olson phoned his wife I talked to Vin, he said I didnt make a mistake, everything is fine and Im not going to resign.But Tuesday morning saw a return of his anxiety and depression. Frank Olson counted himself in this number. It was recommended that the excess tax paid by Mr. Mulholland be refunded by the CD/TSS.[25]This recommendation was immediately accepted to protect the security of the Agency.[26], Mulholland followed the Agencys instructions and was reimbursed by the CIA for the excess taxes that resulted from this approach[27]Subproject 15 was expanded to include this financial arrangement[28]and similar agreements were instituted for subsequent years in which he received remuneration from the Agency. He was simply knocked on the head and thrown out the window, as the CIAs assassination manual suggests (and as Roy Meachum asserts). On other occasions the remains of persons long dead have been exhumed and surprisingly, even startlingly, seen to be fully fleshed and well-preserved although mummified. Even more frightful discoveries were aborning. EndingThe Sphinxwas a major step for Mulholland and for the magic community. His ability to keep this part of his life secret for so long may well have been his greatest magic trick. William A. Boyles, a 46-year-old microbiologist, inhaled anthrax spores on the job in 1951 and died a few days later. According to a later agency review, these helpers included at least ninety-three universities and other governmental or nonprofit organizations, including Harvard, Cornell, the University of Minnesota, the Stanford University School of Medicine, the Lexington, Kentucky, Narcotics Farm, several prisons and penitentiaries, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Institutes of Health. Thomas says that Olson confessed to Sargant that he had witnessed something terrible, possibly ''a terminal experiment'' on one or more of the expendables. 1.36 Vice President Municipal Advisor Multifamily, Single Family, Quantitative Services. And how did they see the practical and ethical issues? Net Worth in 2022. Would there come a time when I would be called to repay my good fortune? And there was another motive. But the report is also a selfindictment on moral and ethical grounds. Prosecuting attorney Saracco believes that something happened on one of these trips that holds the key to Olsons death. Shes the daughter of Presbyterian missionaries. In some instances, the blacked out text could be deciphered simply by holding the page to the light; others were identified by their context. The Frank Olson story, Suicide Revealed, is on the left side, about half-way down. Of course, only a genius can when in concert with another genius like Hugh Montague. His undue concern over my investigation and its findings evidenced more than idle curiosity. We took a drive over to Muir Woods out by Stinson Beach. Dr. Eric Olson, MD is an Orthopedic Surgery Specialist in Waterbury, CT and has over 39 years of experience in the medical field. He doesnt. With this information in hand, Saracco and Bibb prepared to see him. Suicide. The final police report makes no mention whatsoever of the CIA or any drugs, nor does the report on Olsons death filed by the New York City Medical Examiners Office. One sheet of paper had New York City addresses for people identified only by the initials G.W., M.H., and J.M. Salary in 2022. Documents uncovered by the authors reveal that within 48 hours of Blauers death, Dr. Amedeo Marrazzi, the Chemical Corps contract officer for Project Pelican, traveled to the New York State Psychiatric Institute on Jan. 10 and met with Hoch. (CIA assassination manual found, poster 7.). At the time, the Americans feared Hitler might attack the allied troops with a virus or bacteria. How had this occurred? The. The CIAs general counsel ruled that the death resulted from circumstances arising out of an experiment undertaken in the course of his official duties for the United States government. His family, thus, was eligible for death benefits. The family also called on Lashbrook, by then retired, at his home in Ojai, California. The government has long denied the charge of murder. Did the Technical Services Staff find itself with a man who knew so much and yet was so ill that he was a threat the MKULTRAs secrecy? Then there was Frank Olson himself, shrivelled and brown on a slab in a pathologists lab at Washington Georgetown University, his leg broken, a big hole in his skull. After his death the Olson family was told that Frank Olsons body was too disfigured to be seen. {As I mentioned this I was aware for a moment of the almost Proustian expanse of time that has been devoted to solving my fathers murder.] Professor of Biomedical Ethics,University of Virginia. Conversations and correspondence with Eric Olson. Army Bacteriologist Dies In Plunge From New York Hotel. The Cold War was at its height. We are left, with John Marks, to hope on faith alone that it did not, but always with the uneasy knowledge that it could have. We know that Dr. Harold Abramson was a true believer, in the Eric Hoffer sense, in the value of LSD in psychotherapy for disturbed persons. I regret digging my fathers body up . SMG has a moderately good cyclic rate and is admirably compact and concealable. He was 9 years old when his mother woke him before dawn half a century ago in Cold War America. The PBS American Masters documentary on Paul Robeson titled Here I Stand surveys the life and work of this great American artist, scholar, and activist. This crisis occurred, it is important to emphasize, several months prior to the LSD drugging at Deep Creek Lake. He was swamped with too many other cases, he said. 's headquarters. The requirements of the Army Special Forces were the driving force defining SOD activities, and Special Forces interest included a number of weird things, definitely among which was assassination, a CIA retiree told an agency investigator in 1975, according to a declassified report. The 66-year-old former master assassin was now devoted to two of his presumably less lethal passions, goat farming and communal living. Another visitor was John Gittinger, a CIA psychologist who testified last month before Senate investigative committees that he met with Morgan Hall on numerous occasions to interview prostitutes about their drug and sex habits. The invitation to our family to meet with President Gerald Ford was part of this strategy. Back in Frederick, Lisa Olson confronted Vincent Ruwet, her father's old boss at Detrick. Risking the lives of the unwitting victims of the Deep Creek experiment was simply the necessary means to a greater good, the protection of the national security. He rattled through a list of key events that occurred in 1953. 19.39 His failure to recall whether he kept a record of the event in his patrolmans notebook was a challenge to his credibility as was his memory lapse on whether this was the one and only jumper he had investigated. The experience of American GIs imprisoned in Manchuria became the basis of Richard Condons 1959 novel, The Manchurian Candidate, and then of the 1962 film by the same name. It isnt that people arent interested: its that theyre interested in the wrong way. Cant be all chance., The Clandestine World of John Mulholland Paris, London, Stockholm, Frank will later write on the packaging. Guastafeste professed to remember little of the events at the time of his investigation into Olsons death. THE DAY THE WORLD ENDED (with Max MorganWitts) What remains striking in Simpsons account is the placement of the Olson suicide story in such close spatial proximity to the accounts of terminal experiments and assassinations in Europe. I explained I was a writer researching George White. A week after the case was reopened, William Colby, a key witness, vanished. And indeed a consoling one. Gibson must be dreaming.. It covered how to administer pills, liquids, gasses and loose solids surreptitiously. The goal, according to a declassified White House memo, was to avert a lawsuit in which it may become apparent that we are concealing evidence for national security reasons.. Although Lashbrook later asserted that he was only trying to amuse Olson, the visit had an opposite effect it freaked him out. In fact, it had only been a week since Gottlieb authorized Mulholland to proceed on these two additional chapters. I was slightly shaken by the news of the telephone call between Julia Robb and Norman. There is a piece missing and I am not sure that I am the one to give it to you. Another set was turned over to Senate investigators. If the assassin is trained as a doctor or nurse and the subject is under medical care, this is an easy and rare method. But, by 1965, about 2,000 studies of the drug had been published: Conservative estimates suggest that over 30,000 psychiatric patients and several thousand normal volunteers had been given LSD during this period. Eric inundated cold case unit daily with potential leads, but few were being checked out. The Nazis confiscated it in 1934, and the Americans took it over after the war. Ten days later, Ford hosted the Olson family and apologized. The reason for this was the feeling that any questions by the Internal Revenue people concerning funds paid by CD/TSS would be prompted by questions on deductions made. This textual nature of this task is one reason why literary theory and psychoanalysis have had such a rich cross-fertilization in recent decades. Since the autopsy, Eric has pursued leads to find out who actually carried out ''the wet work'' on his father. In October of 1949, Olson is suspected of disclosing government secrets. 23.56 The fact that Abramson was not a psychiatrist apparently didnt bother Gottlieb, who later sought to justify the peculiar patient referral on national security grounds, that last refuge of panicky civil servants: Abramson, who had considerable experience dosing himself and others with LSD on behalf of the CIA, was already vetted for secrecy. I telephoned Dr. Bruce Goldberger, Dr. Caplans associate and the man from whose testing these results were derived. It could fry my kishkes if read by the wrong eyes. It had to look exactly like an ordinary can.. So, what are they doing in New York? Eric Olson Edward Olson has lived in Carrollton, VA Yorktown, VA Newport News, VA 5060 Montebello Pl, Colorado Springs 80918 Colorado Springs, CO Clearfield, UT Langley AFB, VA phone number (719) 351-9244 view more Eric Olson Age 56 / Jan 1967 View Profile Everett, WA also known as Erec Olson related to Michael Martin, 38 Stacy Martin, 40 I remember Eric talking for hours in his Cambridge apartment about a technique he had been using to help the people of Buffalo Creek. The original plan was to rebury Frank Olson at Mount Olivet Cemetery beside his wife, Alice, in July 1994, but instead his remains were stored for possible re-examination. There is also a picture of the top secret CIA headquarters in Germany, located in the building of IG Farben in the heart of Frankfurt. They wanted us to find out if we could actually use it as a truth serum., Actually, it all began with a mistake. He had told reporters in the past that he was not going to discuss Frank Olson any further. Had he found out something he was not supposed to know? (i) The bizarre circumstances of his death could well cause a court of law to determine as a matter of public policy that he did not die in the course of his official duties. The image that was presented to us, Eric said, was fraternity boys out of control. Later, at a news conference in the backyard at Frederick, under the big trees, the family announced that they were going to sue the government for wrongful death. And the end of all our exploring He had been agitated and worried about something and from time to time discussed leaving Detrick, leaving his job and retraining himself as a dentist. activities, noted that a civilian employee of the Department of the Army had jumped from the tenth floor of a New York hotel after he was surreptitiously given the hallucinogenic drug, LSD. [39]Gottlieb mailed a monogrammed handkerchief doctored with brucellosis to Iraqi colonel Abd a-Karim Qasim[40]and he developed poisoned cigarettes intended for Jamal abd an-Nasir of Egypt. Among the prisoners at Kransberg Castle is rocket scientist Professor Hermann Oberth, who collects autographs from his colleagues. A new autopsy confirmed Eric Olsons impression and entirely contradicted the findings of the first inquest. The unusual nature of this manual demands that it be a creative project rather than a mere compilation of already existing knowledge. (CHAPTER 18) Ruwet agreed to return to Frederick and notify the family that Frank Olson wouldnt be coming home for the holiday. (TV Guides movie review database gives Martin Luther 2/5 stars and says, It is not entertainment in the usual sense of the word. John Lennon was far from the only sixties acid-hero to make the connection between the mood of the streets and the secret CIA labs. He recommended that Olson be denied further access to Porton Down, the British chemical-weapons research establishment. Then, in 1977, two exceptionally diligent Agency researchers processing a Freedom of Information Act request for former State Department officer John Marks decided to double-check the Budget and Fiscal Sections historical archives. Jean Gardner Esq., stood by for her legal insights, along with three photographers, including Gerry Richards, a retired chief of the photography section at the FBI and a former student of mine in the MFS curriculum at George Washington University. Intra-cranial contrecoup hemorrhaging is a classic example, as is the hemorrhaging of the eye from gunshot wounds to the head, resulting in what is known in the parlance of forensic pathologists as raccoons eye. A contre-coup injury within the intra-cranial vault occurs when the skull has sustained trauma to one side, say in a fall, but the interior hemorrhaging is massed on the opposite side of the intra-cranial vault. Eric Christian Olsen was born on 31 May 1977 in Eugene, Oregon, USA. Cournoyer, the Army intelligence veteran, says Olson began to raise ethical issues the friends had discussed during night courses in philosophy at the Catholic University of America. It looks like an exhibit in a down-at-heel museum of the Cold War. Even a rock or a heavy stick will do, and nothing resembling a weapon need be procured, carried or subsequently disposed of. If possible, such extrasensory abilities would be among the most potent weapons in their arsenal. The document, written in January 1954, details a conversation Lashbrook had with a high-ranking Pentagon official who telephoned the CIA to inquire if the agency had heard that the Chemical Corps was being sued because of an incident involving the use of chemical compounds at the New York Psychiatric Institute, which is affiliated with Columbia University. The memo states: A Dr. Paul Hoch was the Institutes principal investigator. We categorically deny that.. The events leading to my fathers suicide attempt began when, alarmed by intense surveillance in London, he departed abruptly for Moscow alone. A Brooklyn boy, he was drafted into the Army in 1941. We tried some crazy things, and we made errors of judgement. Also variations of techniques according to whether material is in a solid, liquid or gaseous form. October of 1949, Olson is suspected of disclosing government secrets called on Lashbrook, then. 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